Comparative Analysis Of Donor-Funded And Out-of-pocket Health Expenditure: Implications For Health Outcomes In Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study examined the Comparative analysis of Donor-funded and out-of-pocket health expenditure: Implications for health outcomes in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the influence of donor funded and the effect of out-of-pocket health expenditure on the health outcomes, measured by quality of life and health system outcomes. The population comprised of all the Healthcare professionals in selected public and private health facilities, Households that directly incur out-of-pocket health expenditures and representatives of donor-funded projects and state health ministries across selected three Local Government Areas (Mubi South, Maiha, and Michika) of Adamawa state. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 540 respondents through structured questionnaires distributed evenly across the population sample selected, adjusted by 8% for possible non-response rate and complemented by limited qualitative insights specifically KII interview. Primary data collected through a structured questionnaire while descriptive and inferential analyses were employed. The findings revealed that donor-funded health expenditure has a significant positive influence on health outcomes, with coefficients of β = 0.694 (p = 0.002) where the t-value of 4.499 confirms the statistically significant relationship at the 5% level. Out-of-pocket health expenditure had a positive but statistically insignificant effect on health outcomes with coefficient of β = 0.102, (p > 0.05). The study concludes that donor-funded health expenditure significantly improves health outcomes and recommends that strengthening public health financing efforts with poverty alleviation measures and improved health service access would greatly reduce the burden of household’s catastrophic health spending.